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Environmentally friendly syntheses of flavone derivatives from chalcones and the evaluation of their antimicrobial activity Khan, Sumaiya Liza, Umme Aiman Mimi, Afsana Kapasia, Tama Aman, Md Aman Ullah Ali, A. H. M. Emon Alam, Mohammad Jahirul Hossain, Mohammad Mamun Flavones Chalcones Bioactivities Conventional heating Microwave irradiation Eco-friendly synthesis Polyphenolic flavonoid compounds are commonly found in colorful vegetables and fruits, as well as other foods such as coffee, tea, wine, beer, and chocolate. Recent studies have highlighted their potent antioxidant properties, which contribute significantly to various biological functions and overall health. Chalcones and flavones represent important subclasses of flavonoids. In addition to their natural occurrence, these compounds can also be synthesized in the laboratory using chemical methods. In this study, chalcones and flavones were synthesized through Claisen-Schmidt condensation. To produce flavone derivatives (4a-e) from their corresponding chalcones (3a-e), microwave irradiation (MWI) and conventional heating (CH) methods were employed. The MWI technique proved to be more eco-friendly and cost-effective and offers greater yields and reduced reaction time compared to the conventional method. The structures of the synthesized compounds were confirmed by ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), infrared (IR) spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. Using Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa), the antibacterial activities of the synthesized compounds were analysed. All synthesized flavones showed significant antibacterial activity but zero activity against Gram-negative bacteria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, in different concentrations. Compound 4a showed highest activity 19 mm zone of inhibition against Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus with concentration 128 µg/disc. Atlanta Publishing House LLC 2025-12-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.eurjchem.com/index.php/eurjchem/article/view/2707 10.5155/eurjchem.16.4.339-344.2707 European Journal of Chemistry; Vol. 16 No. 4 (2025): December 2025; 339-344 2153-2257 2153-2249 eng https://www.eurjchem.com/index.php/eurjchem/article/view/2707/2975 Copyright (c) 2025 Sumaiya Khan, Umme Aiman Liza, Afsana Mimi, Tama Kapasia, Md Aman Ullah Aman, A. H. M. Emon Ali, Mohammad Jahirul Alam, Mohammad Mamun Hossain https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0