

Photostabilization of polyvinyl chloride by some new thiadiazole derivatives
Olfat Abiad Nief (1,*)

(1) Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Al-Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, 10052, Iraq
(*) Corresponding Author
Received: 29 Sep 2014 | Accepted: 01 Feb 2015 | Published: 30 Sep 2015 | Issue Date: September 2015
Abstract
(5-Amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-yl)phenol and it derivatives have been synthesized and characterized by spectral methods lik (FT-IR, UV-Vis, and 1H NMR) and elemental analysis beside the measurements of their physical properties. All the prepared compounds were used as photo stabilizer with polyvinyl chloride. The rate of photo degradation and photo stabilization for PVC films were monitored with irradiation time by measuring the carbonyl (Ico) index values. In addition, the effect of concentrations additives on the rate of photo degradation and photo stabilization process was also studied. We found that the rates were increased with increasing of additives concentrations. Besides, the effect of film thickness is studied and the results showed that the increasing of film thickness will decrease the rate of photo degradation as the following sequences: [5] > [2] > [1] > [3] > [4] > PVC. Degree of deterioration (α), average number of cuts per single polymer chain (s), were calculated for PVC films as a control and that which contains the additives. According to the experimental results obtained several mechanisms were suggested depending on the structure of the additive. Among then UV absorption and radical scavenger for photo stabilizer additive mechanisms were suggested.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDF

DOI: 10.5155/eurjchem.6.3.242-247.1165
Links for Article
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | |
Related Articles
Article Metrics


Funding information
Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Al-Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, 10052, Iraq
Citations
[1]. Angham G. Hadi, Sadiq J. Baqir, Dina S. Ahmed, Gamal A. El-Hiti, Hassan Hashim, Ahmed Ahmed, Benson M. Kariuki, Emad Yousif
Substituted Organotin Complexes of 4-Methoxybenzoic Acid for Reduction of Poly(vinyl Chloride) Photodegradation
Polymers 13(22), 3946, 2021
DOI: 10.3390/polym13223946

[2]. Anaheed A. Yaseen, Emad Yousif, Emaad T. B. Al-Tikrity, Gamal A. El-Hiti, Benson M. Kariuki, Dina S. Ahmed, Muna Bufaroosha
FTIR, Weight, and Surface Morphology of Poly(vinyl chloride) Doped with Tin Complexes Containing Aromatic and Heterocyclic Moieties
Polymers 13(19), 3264, 2021
DOI: 10.3390/polym13193264

[3]. Emaad TB Al-Tikrity, Anaheed A Yaseen, Emad Yousif, Dina S Ahmed, Mohammed H Al-Mashhadani
Impact on Poly(Vinyl chloride) of trimethoprim schiff bases as stabilizers
Polymers and Polymer Composites 30, 096739112210940, 2022
DOI: 10.1177/09673911221094020

[4]. Safaa H. Mohamed, Ayad S. Hameed, Gamal A. El-Hiti, Dina S. Ahmed, Mohammed Kadhom, Mohammed A. Baashen, Muna Bufaroosha, Ahmed A. Ahmed, Emad Yousif
A Process for the Synthesis and Use of Highly Aromatic Organosilanes as Additives for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) Films
Processes 9(1), 91, 2021
DOI: 10.3390/pr9010091

[5]. Ahmed Ahmed, Gamal A. El-Hiti, Angham G. Hadi, Dina S. Ahmed, Mohammed A. Baashen, Hassan Hashim, Emad Yousif
Photostabilization of Poly(vinyl chloride) Films Blended with Organotin Complexes of Mefenamic Acid for Outdoor Applications
Applied Sciences 11(6), 2853, 2021
DOI: 10.3390/app11062853

[6]. Hadeer Jasem, Angham G. Hadi, Gamal A. El-Hiti, Mohammed A. Baashen, Hassan Hashim, Ahmed A. Ahmed, Dina S. Ahmed, Emad Yousif
Tin-Naphthalene Sulfonic Acid Complexes as Photostabilizers for Poly(vinyl chloride)
Molecules 26(12), 3629, 2021
DOI: 10.3390/molecules26123629

[7]. Hassan Ghani, Emad Yousif, Dina S. Ahmed, Benson M. Kariuki, Gamal A. El-Hiti
Tin Complexes of 4-(Benzylideneamino)benzenesulfonamide: Synthesis, Structure Elucidation and Their Efficiency as PVC Photostabilizers
Polymers 13(15), 2434, 2021
DOI: 10.3390/polym13152434

[8]. Gamal A. El-Hiti, Dina S. Ahmed, Emad Yousif, Omar S. A. Al-Khazrajy, Mustafa Abdallh, Saud A. Alanazi
Modifications of Polymers through the Addition of Ultraviolet Absorbers to Reduce the Aging Effect of Accelerated and Natural Irradiation
Polymers 14(1), 20, 2021
DOI: 10.3390/polym14010020

[9]. Omar G. Mousa, Gamal A. El‐Hiti, Mohammed A. Baashen, Muna Bufaroosha, Ahmed Ahmed, Ahmed A. Ahmed, Dina S. Ahmed, Emad Yousif
Synthesis of Carvedilol–Organotin Complexes and Their Effects on Reducing Photodegradation of Poly(Vinyl Chloride)
Polymers 13(4), 500, 2021
DOI: 10.3390/polym13040500

[10]. R. M. Omer, E. T. B. Al-Tikrity, E. Yousif, G. A. El-Hiti, D. S. Ahmed, A. A. Ahmed
Spectroscopic and Morphological Study of Irradiated PVC Films Doped with Polyphosphates Containing 4,4'-Methylenedianiline
Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry 93(12), 1888, 2020
DOI: 10.1134/S1070427220120113

References
[1]. Ajay, K.; Jayaroopa, P.; Vasanth, G. Int. J. Chem. Tech. Res. 2012, 4(4), 1782-1791
[2]. Ajay, K.; Lokeshwari, D.; Pavithra, G.; Vasanth, G. Res. J. Biotechnol. 2012, 5(12), 1490-1496.
[3]. Jagdish, K. S.; Swastika, G.; Atul, K. J. Appl. Pharm. Sci. 2014, 4(2), 81-86.
[4]. Kalidhar, U.; Kaur, A. Res. J. Biochem. Sci. 2011, 2(4), 1019-1106.
[5]. Suresh, S.; Iswar, K. B.; Mahesh, B. P.; Rahul, S. Int. J. Pharm. Res. Dev. 2012, 3(12), 144-151.
[6]. Ayyash, A. N.; Tomma, J. H.; Jaafer, J. H. Int. J. Appl. Nat. Sci. 2014, 3(4), 61-66.
[7]. Yvette, A. I.; Shaaban, K. M.; Abd El-Monem, M. F.; Ahmed, H. T.; Abdallah, A. J. Chem. Pharm. Res. 2012, 4(5), 2744-2750.
[8]. Prajact, K.; Rajesh, S. Int. J. Res. Pharm. Chem. 2014, 4(1), 67-73.
[9]. Raj, M.; Patel, M.; Rajand, L.; Patel, N. Int. J. Pharm. Chem. Bio. Sci. 2013, 3(3), 814-819.
[10]. Chaudhary, D.; Chaudhary, R. Int. J. Pharm. Chem. Bio Arch. 2013, 4(2), 256-264.
[11]. Rasheed, H.; Mansoor, E.; Yousif, A.; Hameed, Y.; Farina, A. Eur. J. Sci. Res. 2009, 30, 464-477.
[12]. Alexandra, T.; Denisa, H.; LaurIan, V.; Cristina, M.; Valentin, Z. Pharm. Clujul. Med. 2013, 86(S1), 34-39.
[13]. Salimon, J.; Salih, N.; Hameed, A.; Ibraheem, H.; Yousif, E. J. Appl. Sci. 2010, 6(7), 2993-2997.
[14]. Piyush, B.; Vekariya, J. R. P.; Goswami, V.; Hitendra, S. J. Int. Let. Chem. Phys. Astron. 2014, 7, 45-52.
[15]. Lamani, R. S.; Shetty, N. S.; Kamble, R. R.; Khazi, I. A. Eur. J. Med. Chem. 2009, 44(7), 2828-2833.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2008.12.019
[16]. Foroumadi, A.; Emami, S.; Hassanzadeh, A.; Rajaee, M.; Sokhanvar, K.; Moshafi, M. H.; Shafiee, A. Bioorg. Med. Ch. Lett. 2005, 15(20), 4488-4492.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.07.016
[17]. Onkol, T.; Doruer, D. S.; Uzun, L.; Adak, S.; Ozkan, S. J. Enzym. Inhib. Med. Ch. 2008, 23(2), 277-284.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14756360701408697
[18]. Anindo, R.; Kamran, I. J. Ark. Acad. Sci. 2003, 57, 130-139.
[19]. Rocha, A. P.; Gradette, J. L.; Real L. P. Polym. Degrad. Stabil. 2003, 82, 235-243.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0141-3910(03)00217-9
[20]. Ogorkiewicz, R. M. Engineering Properties of Thermoplastic First edition, London Wiley-Interscience, 1970.
[21]. Cazako, E.; Vyatazal, Z.; Vymazalova, Z.; Skaiskytas, J.; Setpek, J. Eur. Polym. J. 1978, 14, 1011-1013.
[22]. Vymazal, Z.; Czako, E.; Volka, K.; Stepek, J.; Lukas, R.; Kolinsky, M.; Bouchal, K. Eur. Polym. J. 1980, 16, 151-157.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0014-3057(80)90063-4
[23]. Cooray, B. B.; Scott, G. Eur. Polym. J. 1981, 7, 379-384.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0014-3057(81)90141-5
[24]. Volka, K.; Vymazal, Z.; Schmidt, P.; Vymazalova, Z. Eur. Polym. J. 1984, 20, 219-220.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0014-3057(84)90040-5
[25]. Yousif, E.; Salih, N.; Salimon, J. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2011, 120(4), 2207-2214.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.33463
[26]. Yousif, E.; Bakir, E.; Salimon, J.; Salih, N. J. Saudi Chem. Soc. 2012, 16, 279-285.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jscs.2011.01.009
[27]. Mahendrasinh, M. R.; Hemul, V. P.; Lata, M. R.; Naynika, K. P. Int. J. Pharm. Chem. Biol. Sci. 2013, 3(3), 814-819.
[28]. Arct, J.; Dul, M.; Rabek, J. F.; Ranby, B. Eur. Polym. J. 1981, 17, 1041-1048.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0014-3057(81)90025-2
[29]. Harris, W. E.; Kratochvil, B. An Introduction to Chemical Analysis, Saunders College Publishing. Holt-Saunders International Edition, New York, pp. 572-599, 1981.
[30]. Fox, R. B.; Price, T. R. J. Polym. Sci. A 1965, 3, 2303-2311.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1965.100030617
[31]. Edward, J. M. Physical properties of polymers handbook, 2nd edition Springer, New York, 2007
[32]. Salovey, R.; Bair, H. E. J. Poly. Sci. 1970, 14, 731-739.
[33]. Anton, P. C.; Dubois, J.; Mur, G.; Gay, M.; Audouin, L. J. Polym. Degrad. Stabil. 1998, 60, 275-281.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0141-3910(97)00077-3
[34]. Yousif, E. A.; Hameed, E. B. J. Al-Nahrain Univ. 2007, 10, 7-12.
[35]. Yousif, E. A.; Aliwi, S.; Ameer, A.; Jaleel, R. Turk. J. Chem. 2009, 33, 399-410.
[36]. Chandra R.; Hanada, S. Polym. Degrad. Stabil. 1992, 37, 73-82.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0141-3910(92)90076-H
How to cite
The other citation formats (EndNote | Reference Manager | ProCite | BibTeX | RefWorks) for this article can be found online at: How to cite item
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.5155/eurjchem.6.3.242-247.1165


















European Journal of Chemistry 2015, 6(3), 242-247 | doi: https://doi.org/10.5155/eurjchem.6.3.242-247.1165 | Get rights and content
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c)
© Copyright 2010 - 2022 • Atlanta Publishing House LLC • All Right Reserved.
The opinions expressed in all articles published in European Journal of Chemistry are those of the specific author(s), and do not necessarily reflect the views of Atlanta Publishing House LLC, or European Journal of Chemistry, or any of its employees.
Copyright 2010-2022 Atlanta Publishing House LLC. All rights reserved. This site is owned and operated by Atlanta Publishing House LLC whose registered office is 2850 Smith Ridge Trce Peachtree Cor GA 30071-2636, USA. Registered in USA.