

Multivariate analysis of images in spectrophotometric methods: Quantification of soil organic matter
Pedro Augusto de Oliveira Morais (1,*)



(1) Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA Arroz e Feijão), Santo Antônio de Goiás, GO 75375-000, Brazil
(2) Instituto de Criminalística, Polícia Civil do Distrito Federal, 70610-907, Brasília, DF, Brazil
(3) Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA Arroz e Feijão), Santo Antônio de Goiás, GO 75375-000, Brazil
(*) Corresponding Author
Received: 05 May 2021 | Revised: 18 Jun 2021 | Accepted: 23 Jun 2021 | Published: 31 Dec 2021 | Issue Date: December 2021
Abstract
Soil organic matter (SOM) is usually quantified by Walkley-Black titration method or using a spectrophotometric method. This study proposes an alternative method for quantification of SOM using digital image from scanner and mathematical algorithms to replace titration and spectrophotometry procedures. For this, after SOM oxidation by potassium dichromate, digital images were acquired. Posteriorly, extraction of RGB color histograms from images have occurred, followed by the use of multivariate calibration method: partial least squares (PLS). Six soil samples were analyzed. We used the Walkley-Black method as reference. SOM was estimated by images using the PLS tool. The new method, besides being a fast, low cost, and more operational alternative, presented statistically equal results in relation to the reference method, as assessed by the Student t-test and F-test at 95 % confidence.
Announcements
Our editors have decided to support scientists to publish their manuscripts in European Journal of Chemistry without any financial constraints.
1- The article processing fee will not be charged from the articles containing the single-crystal structure characterization or a DFT study between September 15, 2023 and October 31, 2023 (Voucher code: FALL2023).
2. A 50% discount will be applied to the article processing fee for submissions made between September 15, 2023 and October 31, 2023 by authors who have at least one publication in the European Journal of Chemistry (Voucher code: AUTHOR-3-2023).
3. Young writers will not be charged for the article processing fee between September 15, 2023 and October 31, 2023 (Voucher code: YOUNG2023).
Editor-in-Chief
European Journal of Chemistry
Keywords
Full Text:
PDF

DOI: 10.5155/eurjchem.12.4.377-381.2122
Links for Article
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | |
Related Articles
Article Metrics


Funding information
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) and Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), Brazil
References
[1]. Schnitzer, M. A Lifetime Perspective on the Chemistry of Soil Organic Matter. In Advances in Agronomy; Elsevier, 1999; pp 1-58.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2113(08)60842-1
[2]. Yang, F.; Zhang, G.-L.; Yang, J.-L.; Li, D.-C.; Zhao, Y.-G.; Liu, F.; Yang, R.-M.; Yang, F. J. Hydrol. (Amst.) 2014, 519, 3086-3093.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.10.054
[3]. Shepherd M.A.; Harrison, R.; Webb, J. Soil Use Manag. 2002, 18 (3), 284-292.
https://doi.org/10.1079/SUM2002134
[4]. Gama-Rodrigues, A. C. Agrofor. Syst. 2011, 81 (3), 191-193.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-011-9372-9
[5]. Carter, M. R. Agron. J. 2002, 94 (1), 38-47.
https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2002.3800
[6]. Walkley, A.; Black, I. A. Soil Sci. 1934, 37 (1), 29-38.
https://doi.org/10.1097/00010694-193401000-00003
[7]. Raij, B. van; Andrade, J. C.; Cantarella, H.; Quaggio, J. A. Análise química para avaliação da fertilidade de solos tropicais; Instituto Agronômico: Campinas, 2001.
https://www.iac.sp.gov.br/publicacoes/arquivos/Raij_et_al_2001_Metod_Anal_IAC.pdf
[8]. Cohen, M. D.; Kargacin, B.; Klein, C. B.; Costa, M. Crit. Rev. Toxicol. 1993, 23 (3), 255-281.
https://doi.org/10.3109/10408449309105012
[9]. Chromium in the Natural and Human Environments; Nriagu, J. O., Nieboer, E., Eds.; John Wiley & Sons: Nashville, TN, 1988.
[10]. Souza, D. M. de; Morais, P. A. de O.; Matsushige, I.; Rosa, L. A. Rev. Bras. Cienc. Solo 2016, 40 (0).
https://doi.org/10.1590/18069657rbcs20150150
https://doi.org/10.1590/18069657rbcs20150150.
https://doi.org/10.1590/18069657rbcs20150150
[11]. Kirsten, W. J. Organic Elemental Analysis: Ultramicro, Micro and Trace Methods; Academic Press: San Diego, CA, 1984.
[12]. Ma, T. S. Elemental Analysis, Organic Compounds. In Encyclopedia of Physical Science and Technology; Elsevier, 2003; pp 393-405.
https://doi.org/10.1016/B0-12-227410-5/00220-9
[13]. Harris, D. C. Análise Química Quantitativa; 9th ed.; LTC: Rio de Janeiro, 2017.
[14]. Gatto, A.; Barros, N. F. de; Novais, R. F.; Silva, I. R.; Mendonça, E. de S.; Villani, E. M. de A. Rev. Bras. Cienc. Solo 2009, 33 (3), 735-740.
https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-06832009000300026
[15]. Geladi, P.; Grahn, H. Multivariate Image Analysis; John Wiley & Sons: Chichester, England, 2000.
https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470027318.a8106
[16]. de Almeida, V. E.; da Costa, G. B.; de Sousa Fernandes, D. D.; Gonçalves Dias Diniz, P. H.; Brandao, D.; de Medeiros, A. C. D.; Veras, G. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 2014, 406 (24), 5989-5995.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-014-8015-1
[17]. Klimowicz, A. C.; Bose, P.; Nakoneshny, S. C.; Dean, M.; Huang, L.; Chandarana, S.; Magliocco, A. M.; Wayne Matthews, T.; Brockton, N. T.; Dort, J. C. Eur. J. Cancer 2012, 48 (14), 2166-2174.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejca.2012.04.010
[18]. Borin, A.; Ferrão, M. F.; Mello, C.; Cordi, L.; Pataca, L. C. M.; Durán, N.; Poppi, R. J. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 2007, 387 (3), 1105-1112.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-006-0971-7
[19]. da Costa, A.; Helfer, G.; Barbosa, J.; Teixeira, I.; Santos, R.; dos Santos, R.; Voss, M.; Schlessner, S.; Barin, J. J. Braz. Chem. Soc. 2021, 32 (3), 675-683. https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20200199.
https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20200199
[20]. Diniz, P. H. G. D.; Dantas, H. V.; Melo, K. D. T.; Barbosa, M. F.; Harding, D. P.; Nascimento, E. C. L.; Pistonesi, M. F.; Band, B. S. F.; Araujo, M. C. U. U Anal. Methods 2012, 4 (9), 2648-2652.
https://doi.org/10.1039/c2ay25481f
[21]. Godinho, M. da S.; Pereira, R. O.; Ribeiro, K. de O.; Schimidt, F.; Oliveira, A. E. de; Oliveira, S. B. de. Quim. Nova 2008, 31 (6), 1485-1489.
https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-40422008000600039
[22]. Silva, T. C. O.; Godinho, M. S.; de Oliveira, A. E. Lat. Am. Appl. Res. 2011, 41, 141-145.
http://www.scielo.org.ar/pdf/laar/v41n2/v41n2a07.pdf
[23]. Pinto, T. L. F.; Cicero, S. M.; Forti, V. A. Rev. Bras. Sementes 2007, 29 (3), 31-38.
https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-31222007000300004
[24]. Flor, E. P. O.; Cicero, S. M.; França Neto, J. de B.; Krzyzanowski, F. C. Rev. Bras. Sementes 2004, 26 (1), 68-76.
https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-31222004000100011
[25]. Lopez-Garcia, F.; Andreu-Garcia, G.; Blasco, J.; Aleixos, N.; Valiente, J.-M. Comput. Electron. Agric. 2010, 71 (2), 189-197.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2010.02.001
[26]. Vilar, W. T. S.; Aranha, R. M.; Medeiros, E. P.; Pontes, M. J. C. J. Braz. Chem. Soc. 2015, 26 (1), 102-109.
[27]. Gomes, M. S.; Trevizan, L. C.; Nobrega, J. A.; Kamogawa, M. Y. Quim. Nova 2008, 31 (6), 1577-1581.
https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-40422008000600050
[28]. Paciornik, S.; Yallouz, A. V.; Campos, R. C.; Gannerman, D. J. Braz. Chem. Soc. 2006, 17 (1), 156-161.
https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-50532006000100022
[29]. Grasel, F. S.; Ferrão, M. F.; Helfer, G. A.; Costa, A. B. J. Braz. Chem. Soc. 2016, 27 (12), 2372-2377.
[30]. Coutinho, M.; Morais, C.; Neves, A.; Menezes, F.; Lima, K. J. Braz. Chem. Soc. 2017, 28 (12), 2500-2505.
[31]. Silva, L. C. da; Lima, D. F. de; Silva, J. A.; Morais, C. L. M. de; Albuquerque, B. L.; Bortoluzzi, A. J.; Domingos, J. B.; Araújo, R. M.; Menezes, F. G.; Lima, K. M. G. J. Braz. Chem. Soc. 2016, 27 (6), 1067-1077.
[32]. Santos, J. L. O.; Leite, O. D.; Vieira, A. D. M.; Jesus, D. S.; Kamogawa, M. Y. J. Braz. Chem. Soc. 2016, 27 (1), 70c76.
[33]. Gonçalves, T.; Rosa, L.; Março, P.; da Silva, L.; Gomes, S.; Matsushita, M.; Valderrama, P. J. Braz. Chem. Soc. 2020, 31 (9), 1955-1963.
[34]. Damasceno, D.; Toledo, T. G.; Godinho, M. S.; Silva, C. P. da; Oliveira, S. B. de; Oliveira, A. E. de. Quim. Nova 2015, 38 (6), 836-841.
[35]. Damasceno, D.; Toledo, T. G.; da Silva Soares, A.; Botelho de Oliveira, S.; Elcana de Oliveira, A. Anal. Methods 2016, 8 (43), 7832-7836.
https://doi.org/10.1039/C6AY02215D
[36]. de Oliveira Morais, P. A.; de Souza, D. M.; Madari, B. E.; Soares, A. da S.; de Oliveira, A. E. Microchem. J. 2019, 147, 775-781.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2019.03.070
[37]. Morais, P. A. de O.; Souza, D. M. de; Madari, B. E.; Oliveira, A. E. de. Rev. Process. Quim. 2020, 14 (27), 9-16.
https://doi.org/10.19142/rpq.v14i27.573
[38]. Morais, P. A. de O.; Souza, D. M. de; Carvalho, M. T. de M.; Madari, B. E.; de Oliveira, A. E. Microchem. J. 2019, 146, 455-463.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2019.01.009
[39]. de Oliveira Morais, P. A.; de Souza, D. M.; Madari, B. E.; de Oliveira, A. E. Comput. Electron. Agric. 2020, 174 (105435), 105435.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2020.105435
[40]. Duchesne, C.; Liu, J. J.; MacGregor, J. F. Chemometr. Intell. Lab. Syst. 2012, 117, 116-128.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemolab.2012.04.003
[41]. Kohl, S. K.; Landmark, J. D.; Stickle, D. F. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83 (4), 644-646.
https://doi.org/10.1021/ed083p644
[42]. Colzani, H.; Rodrigues, Q. E. A. G.; Fogaça, C.; Gelinski, J. M. L. N.; Pereira-Filho, E. R.; Borges, E. M. Quim. Nova 2017, 40 (7), 833-839.
[43]. Wold, S.; Sjöström, M.; Eriksson, L. Chemometr. Intell. Lab. Syst. 2001, 58 (2), 109-130.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-7439(01)00155-1
How to cite
The other citation formats (EndNote | Reference Manager | ProCite | BibTeX | RefWorks) for this article can be found online at: How to cite item
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.5155/eurjchem.12.4.377-381.2122

















European Journal of Chemistry 2021, 12(4), 377-381 | doi: https://doi.org/10.5155/eurjchem.12.4.377-381.2122 | Get rights and content
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2021 Authors

This work is published and licensed by Atlanta Publishing House LLC, Atlanta, GA, USA. The full terms of this license are available at http://www.eurjchem.com/index.php/eurjchem/pages/view/terms and incorporate the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial (CC BY NC) (International, v4.0) License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0). By accessing the work, you hereby accept the Terms. This is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the CC BY NC License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited without any further permission from Atlanta Publishing House LLC (European Journal of Chemistry). No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. Permissions for commercial use of this work beyond the scope of the License (http://www.eurjchem.com/index.php/eurjchem/pages/view/terms) are administered by Atlanta Publishing House LLC (European Journal of Chemistry).
© Copyright 2010 - 2023 • Atlanta Publishing House LLC • All Right Reserved.
The opinions expressed in all articles published in European Journal of Chemistry are those of the specific author(s), and do not necessarily reflect the views of Atlanta Publishing House LLC, or European Journal of Chemistry, or any of its employees.
Copyright 2010-2023 Atlanta Publishing House LLC. All rights reserved. This site is owned and operated by Atlanta Publishing House LLC whose registered office is 2850 Smith Ridge Trce Peachtree Cor GA 30071-2636, USA. Registered in USA.