European Journal of Chemistry

On the effect of chelating agents and antioxidants on cadmium-induced organ toxicity. An overview

Article Sidebar

PDF
Published: Mar 31, 2013
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5155/eurjchem.4.1.74-84.739
Keywords:
Vitamins, Cadmium, Toxicology, Ionophores, Antioxidants, Medicinal chemistry
Section
Review Article
Issue
Vol. 4 No. 1 (2013): March 2013
Dates
Received 2013-01-31
Accepted 2013-02-16
Published 2013-03-31


Main Article Content

Juliana Ivanova
Faculty of Medicine, Sofia University “St. Kl. Ohridski”, 1407 Sofia, Bulgaria
Yordanka Gluhcheva
Institute of Experimental Morphology, Pathology and Anthropology with Museum, BAS, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
Denitsa Tsanova
Faculty of Medicine, Sofia University “St. Kl. Ohridski”, 1407 Sofia, Bulgaria
Angelina Piskova
Faculty of Medicine, Sofia University “St. Kl. Ohridski”, 1407 Sofia, Bulgaria
Radostina Djaleva
Faculty of Medicine, Sofia University “St. Kl. Ohridski”, 1407 Sofia, Bulgaria
Steliana Mokresheva
Faculty of Medicine, Sofia University “St. Kl. Ohridski”, 1407 Sofia, Bulgaria
Dimitrina Kamenova
Faculty of Medicine, Sofia University “St. Kl. Ohridski”, 1407 Sofia, Bulgaria
Mariana Mitewa
Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Sofia University, “St. Kl. Ohridski”, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria

Abstract

Cadmium (Cd) has been classified as a human carcinogen. The World Health Organization (WHO) reported that the concentration of Cd in the environment has rapidly increased in the last few years. In many epidemiological studies, the correlation between environmental exposure of humans to Cd and diseases such as stroke, ischemia, renal and hepatic dysfunction, anemia, osteoporosis and diabetes has been discussed. For the treatment of heavy metal intoxications a therapy with chelating agents has been applied. A chelating agent is a compound that binds the toxic metal ion thus promoting its excretion by the living organisms. Recently, it has been found that Cd-induced toxicity is a result of formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). These results increased the interest towards the antioxidants as possible agents for the treatment of Cd-induced organ toxicity. Herein, we present summary and discussion of the literature data for the influence of chelating agents and antioxidants on Cd-induced pathological conditions in Cd-intoxicated animals.

4_1_74_84

icon graph This Abstract was viewed 8939 times | icon graph Article PDF downloaded 1133 times

How to Cite
(1)
Ivanova, J.; Gluhcheva, Y.; Tsanova, D.; Piskova, A.; Djaleva, R.; Mokresheva, S.; Kamenova, D.; Mitewa, M. On the Effect of Chelating Agents and Antioxidants on Cadmium-Induced Organ Toxicity. An Overview. Eur. J. Chem. 2013, 4, 74-84.

Article Details

Share
Links for Article


Crossref - Scopus - Google - European PMC
Crossref
Scopus
Google Scholar
Europe PMC
References

[1]. IARC, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Beryllium, cadmium, mercury, and exposures in the glass manufacturing industry. In International Agency for Research on Cancer Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk to Humans; IARC Scientific publications; Lyon, France, 1993; Volume 58, 119-237.

[2]. WHO, Cadmium: Air Quality Guidelines, 2nd ed. World Health Organization, Regional office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark, Chapter 6.3., 2000.

[3]. Patrick, L. Altern. Med. Rev. 2003, 8(2), 106-128.
PMid:12777158

[4]. Djukovic-Cosic, D. C.; Jovanovic, M.; Bulat, Z. P.; Ninkovic, M.; Malicevic, Z.; Matovic, V. J. Trace Elem. Med. Biol. 2008, 22, 67-72.

[5]. Thijssen, S.; Lambrichts, I.; Maringwa, J.; Kerkhove, E. V. Toxicol. 2007, 238, 200-210.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tox.2007.06.087
PMid:17646041

[6]. Thijssen, S.; Maringwa, J.; Faes, Ch.; Lambrichts, I.; Kerkhove, E. V. Toxicol. 2007, 229, 145-156.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tox.2006.10.011
PMid:17113697

[7]. Oliviera, H.; Spano, M.; Santos, C.; Pereira, M. Reproductive Toxicol. 2009, 28, 550-555.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.reprotox.2009.08.001
PMid:19695322

[8]. Monsefi, M.; Alaee, S.; Moradshahi, A.; Rohani, L. Environ. Toxicol. 2010, 25, 94-102.
PMid:19161232

[9]. Prozialeck, W. C.; Edwards, J. R.; Woods, J. M. Life Sci. 2006, 79, 1493-1506.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2006.05.007
PMid:16765992

[10]. Prozialeck, W. C.; Edwards, J. R.; Nebert, D. W.; Woods, J. M.; Barchowsky, A.; Atchison. W. D. Toxicol. Sci. 2008, 102, 207-218.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/kfm263
PMid:17947343 PMCid:2752624

[11]. Satarug, S.; Nishijo, M.; Ujjin, P.; Vanavanitkun, Y.; Moore, M. R. Toxicol. Lett. 2005, 157, 57-68.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2005.01.004
PMid:15795094

[12]. Smetana, R.; Glogar, D.; Weidinger, F.; Meisinger, V. Wien. Med. Wochensch. 1987, 137, 553-557.

[13]. Teller-Plaza, M.; Navas-Acien, A.; Crainiceanu, C. M.; Sharrett, A. R.; Guallar, E. Am. J. Epidemiol. 2010, 172, 671-681.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwq172
PMid:20693268 PMCid:2950816

[14]. Peters, J. L.; Perlstein, T. S.; Perry, M. L.; McNeely, E.; Weuve, J. Environ. Res. 2010, 110, 199-206.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2009.12.004
PMid:20060521 PMCid:3031174

[15]. Flora, S. J.; Mittal, M.; Mehta, M. A. Indian J. Med. Res. 2008, 128, 501-523.
PMid:19106443

[16]. Blanusa, M.; Varnai, V. M.; Piasek, M.; Kostial, K. Current Med. Chem. 2005, 12, 2771-2794.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/092986705774462987
PMid:16305472

[17]. Sinicropi, M. S.; Amantea, D.; Caruso, A.; Sturnino, C. Arch. Toxicol. 2010, 84, 501-520.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00204-010-0544-6
PMid:20386880

[18]. Andjuar, P.; Bensefa-Colas, L.; Descatha, A. Rev. Med. Interne. 2010, 31, 107-115.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.revmed.2009.02.029
PMid:19709784

[19]. Jurczuk, M.; Galazyn-Sidorczuk, M.; Brzorska, M. M.; Moniuszko-Jakoniuk, J. Polish J. Environ. Studies 1997, 6, 74-76.

[20]. Snaikh, Z. Z.; Vu, T. T.; Zaman, K. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 1999, 154, 256-263.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/taap.1998.8586
PMid:9931285

[21]. Ercal, N.; Guerer-Orhan, H.; Aykin-Burns, N. Current Topics in Med. Chem. 2001, 1, 529-539.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1568026013394831
PMid:11895129

[22]. Sinha, M.; Manna, P.; Sil, P. C. J. Trace Elem. Med. Biol. 2009, 23, 300-313.

[23]. Fouad, A. A.; Qureshi, H. A.; Yacoubi, M. T.; Al-Melhim, W. N. Food Chem. Toxicol. 2009, 47, 863-870.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2009.09.009
PMid:19748544

[24]. Pari, L.; Shagirtha, K. Exp. Toxicol. Pathol. 2012, 64, 513-520.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.etp.2010.11.007
PMid:21134734

[25]. Bludovska, M.; Kotyzova, D.; Koutensky, J.; Eybl, V. Gen Physiol Biophys. 1999, 18, 28-32.
PMid:10703716

[26]. Eybl, V.; Kotyzova, D.; Bludovska, M. Toxicol Lett. 2004, 151, 79-85.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2004.02.019
PMid:15177643

[27]. Eybl, V.; Kotyzova. D.; Leseticky, L.; Bludovska, M.; Koutensky, J. J Appl. Toxicol. 2006, 26, 207-212.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jat.1124
PMid:16345010

[28]. Eybl, V.; Kotyzova, D.; Koutensky, J. Toxicol. 2006, 225(2-3), 150-156.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tox.2006.05.011
PMid:16806632

[29]. Murugavel, P.; Pari, L. Hum. Exp. Toxicol. 2007, 26, 527-534.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0960327107073810
PMid:17698948

[30]. Pari, L.; Murugavel, P.; Sitasawad, S. L.; Kumar, K. S. Life Sci. 2007, 80, 650-658.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2006.10.013
PMid:17125799

[31]. Gong, P.; Chen, F. X.; Ma, G. F.; Feng, Y.; Zhao, Q.; Wang, R. Toxicol. 2008, 251, 35-44.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tox.2008.07.051
PMid:18703112

[32]. Nemmiche, S.; Chabane-Sari, D.; Guiraud, P. Chem. Biol. Interact. 2007, 170, 221-230.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cbi.2007.08.004
PMid:17897638

[33]. Olalekan, L. A.; Lawal, A. F.; Ologundudu, A.; Adeniran, O. Y.; Omonkhua, A.; Obi, F. Toxicol. Sci. 2011, 36, 549-557.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2131/jts.36.549

[34]. Shukla, R.; Kumar, M. Food Chem. Toxicol. 2009, 47, 769-773.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2009.01.002
PMid:19168115

[35]. Chlebda, E.; Magdalan, J.; Merwid-Lad, A.; Trocha, M.; Kopacz. M.; Kuźniar, A.; Nowak, D.; Szelag, A. Exp. Toxicol. Pathol. 2010, 62, 105-158.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.etp.2009.02.118
PMid:19297139

[36]. Santos, F. W.; Zeni, G., Rocha, J. B.; Weis, S. N., Fachinetto, J. M.; Favero, A. M.; Nogueira, C. W. Chem. Biol. Interact. 2005, 151, 159-65.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cbi.2005.01.001
PMid:15733537

[37]. Borges, L. P.; Brandao, R.; Godoi, B.; Nogueira, C. W.; Zeni, G. Chem. Biol. Interact. 2008, 171, 15-25.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cbi.2007.09.005
PMid:17950719

[38]. Chwelatiuk, E.; Wlostowski, T.; Krasowska, A.; Bonda, E. J. Trace Elem. Med. Biol. 2006, 19, 259-265.

[39]. Sk, U. H.; Sharma, A. K.; Ghosh, S.; Bhattacharya, S. Eur. J. Med. Chem. 2010, 45, 3265-3273.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2010.04.001
PMid:20457475

[40]. Renugadevi, J.; Prabu, S. M. Exp Toxicol Pathol. 2010, 62, 171-181.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.etp.2009.03.010
PMid:19409769

[41]. Prabu, S. M.; Shagirtha, K.; Renugadevi, J. J. Nutr. Sci. Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2011, 57, 177-185.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3177/jnsv.57.177

[42]. Casalino, E.; Calzaretti, G.; Sblano, C.; Landriscina, V.; Felice, Tecce M.; Landriscina, C. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 2002, 133, 625-632.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1532-0456(02)00180-1

[43]. Asagba, S. O.; Adaikpoh, M. A.; Kadiri, H.; Obi, F. O. Biol. Trace Elem. Res. 2007, 115, 47-57.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1385/BTER:115:1:47

[44]. Eybl, V.; Kotyzova, D.; Koutensky, J.; Jones, M. M.; Singh, P. K. Analyst 1995, 120, 855-857.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/an9952000855

[45]. Srivastava, R. C.; Gupta, S.; Ahmad, N.; Hasan, S. K.; Farookh, A.; Husain, M. M. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health 1996, 47, 173-182.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/009841096161870
PMid:8598573

[46]. Singh, P. K.; Jones, M. M.; Rostial, K.; Blanusa, M.; Piasek, M.; Restek-Samarzija, N. Chem. Res. Toxicol. 1996, 9, 965-969.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/tx9600208
PMid:8870983

[47]. Ivanova, J.; Gluhcheva, Y.; Kamenova, K.; Arpadjan, S.; Mitewa, M. J. Trace Elem. Med. Biol. 2012, 26, 279-284.

[48]. Ivanova, J.; Gluhcheva, Y.; Kamenova, K.; Arpadjan, S.; Mitewa, M. Biotechnol. Biotechnol. Eq. 2013, accepted.

[49]. Eybl, V.; Kotyzova, D.; Koutensky, J.; Míckova, V.; Jones, M. M.; Singh, P. K. Analyst 1998, 123, 25-26.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/a704894g

[50]. Suru, S. M. Biometals. 2008, 21, 623-633.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10534-008-9148-5
PMid:18521705

[51]. Cavusoglu, K.; Yapar, K.; Yalcin, E. J. Med. Food. 2009, 12, 1286-1292.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/jmf.2008.0203
PMid:20041783

[52]. Manna, P.; Sinha, M.; Sil, P. C. Amino Acids 2009, 36, 417-428.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00726-008-0094-x
PMid:18414974

[53]. Li, R.; Yuan, C.; Dong, C.; Shuang, S.; Choi, M. M. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmacol. 2011, 383, 437-445.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00210-011-0613-2
PMid:21336539

[54]. Gong, P.; Chen, F.; Liu, X.; Gong, X.; Wang. J.; Ma, Y. J. Toxicol. Sci. 2012, 37, 415-425.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2131/jts.37.415
PMid:22467032

[55]. Kaplan, M.; Atakan, I. H.; Aydogdu, N.; Aktoz, T.; Ozpuyan, F.; Seren, G.; Tokuç, B.; Inci, O. Pediatr. Nephrol. 2008, 23, 233-241.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00467-007-0696-7
PMid:18064495

[56]. Wang, L.; Chen, D.; Cao, J.; Liu, Z. Hum. Exp. Toxicol. 2009, 28, 221-229.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0960327109102365
PMid:19734274

[57]. Renugadevi, J.; Prabu, S. M. Toxicol. 2009, 256, 128-134.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tox.2008.11.012
PMid:19063931

[58]. Morales, A. I.; Vicente-Sanchez, C.; Jerkic, M.; Santiago. J. M.; Sanchez-Gonzalez, P. D.; Perez-Barriocanal, F.; López-Novoa, J. M. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 2006, 210, 128-135.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.taap.2005.09.006
PMid:16226777

[59]. Renugadevi, J.; Prabu, S. M. Exp. Toxicol. Pathol. 2010, 62, 471-481.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.etp.2009.06.006
PMid:19615871

[60]. Prabu, S. M.; Shagirtha, K.; Renugadevi, J. Rev. Med. Pharmacol. Sci. 2010, 14, 903-914.

[61]. Bharavi, K.; Reddy, A. G.; Rao, G. S.; Kumar, P. R.; Kumar, D. S.; Prasadini, P. P. Indian J. Pharmacol. 2011, 43, 45-49.
http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0253-7613.75669
PMid:21455421 PMCid:3062120

[62]. Shaikh, Z. A.; Vu, T. T.; Zaman, K. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 1999, 154, 256-263.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/taap.1998.8586
PMid:9931285

[63]. Fouad, A. A.; Jresat, I. Life Sci. 2011, 89, 29-35.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2011.04.019
PMid:21620867

[64]. Jones, M. M.; Singh, P. K.; Basinger, M. A.; Gale, G. R.; Smith, A. B. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 1994, 74, 76-83.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0773.1994.tb01079.x
PMid:8190706

[65]. Jones, M. M.; Xu, C.; Singh, P. K.; Walker, E. M. Jr. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health. 1996, 48, 71-80.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/009841096161474
PMid:8637059

[66]. Tandon, S. K.; Prasad, S.; Singh, S. Biomed. Environ. Sci. 2000, 13, 205-212.
PMid:11198222

[67]. Fatemi, S. J.; Saljooghi, A. S.; Balooch, F. D.; Iranmanesh, M.; Golbafan, M. R. Toxicol. Ind. Health. 2012, 28, 35-41.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0748233711403192
PMid:22134990

[68]. Jones, M. M.; Singh, P. K.; Basinger, M. A.; Gale, G. R.; Smith, A. B.; Harris, W. R. Chem. Res. Toxicol. 1994, 7, 367-373.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/tx00039a014
PMid:8075368

[69]. Fatemi, S. J.; Tubafard, S.; Nadi, B. Med. Chem Res. 2009, 18, 179-186.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00044-008-9118-z

[70]. Shagirtha, K.; Pari, L. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 2011, 74, 2105-2111.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2011.06.002
PMid:21719105

[71]. Sen Gupta, R.; Kim, J.; Gomes, C.; Oh, S.; Park, J.; Im, W. B.; Seong, J. Y.; Ahn, R. S.; Kwon, H. B.; Soh, J. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2004, 221, 57-66.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mce.2004.03.012
PMid:15223132

[72]. Sen Gupta, R.; Sen Gupta, E.; Dhakal, B. K.; Thakur, A. R.; Ahnn, J. Mol. Cells 2004, 17, 132-139.
PMid:15055539

[73]. Acharya, U. R.; Mishra, M.; Patro, J.; Panda, M. K. Reprod. Toxicol. 2008, 25, 84-88.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.reprotox.2007.10.004
PMid:18065194

[74]. Fouad, A. A.; Qureshi, H. A.; Al-Sultan, A. I.; Yacoubi, M. T.; Ali, A. A. Toxicol. 2009, 257, 153-160.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tox.2008.12.022
PMid:19150641

[75]. Brandao, R.; Santos, F. W.; Oliveira, R.; Roman, S. S.; Nogueira, C. W. J. Trace Elem. Med. Biol. 2009, 23, 324-333.

[76]. Ognjanovic, B. I.; Markovic, S. D.; Ethordevic, N. Z.; Trbojevic, I. S.; Stajn, A. S.; Saicic, Z. S. Reprod. Toxicol. 2010, 29, 191-197.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.reprotox.2009.11.009
PMid:19958828

[77]. Ji, Y. L.; Wang, H.; Meng, C.; Zhao, X. F.; Zhang, C.; Zhang, Y.; Zhao, M.; Chen, Y. H.; Meng, X. H.; Xu, D. X. J. Pineal Res. 2012, 52, 71-79.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-079X.2011.00921.x
PMid:21793897

[78]. El-Missiry, M. A.; Shalaby, F. J. Biochem. Mol. Toxicol. 2000, 14, 238-243.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1099-0461(2000)14:5<238::AID-JBT2>3.0.CO;2-X

[79]. El-Demerdash, F. M.; Yousef, M. I.; Kedwany, F. S.; Baghdadi, H. H. Food Chem. Toxicol. 2004, 42, 1563-1571.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2004.05.001
PMid:15304303

[80]. Yang, H. S.; Han, D. K.; Kim, J. R.; Sim, J. C. J. Korean Med. Sci. 2006, 21(3), 445-451.

[81]. El-Maraghy, S. A.; Nassar, N. N. J. Biochem. Mol. Toxicol. 2011, 25, 15-25.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbt.20354
PMid:20957662

[82]. Rajendar, B.; Bharavi, K.; Rao, G. S.; Kishore, P. V.; Kumar, P. R.; Kumar, C. S.; Kumar, D. S. Indian J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 2011, 55, 213-220.
PMid:22471227

[83]. Rajendar, B.; Bharavi, K.; Rao, G. S.; Kishore, P. V.; Kumar, P. R.; Kumar, C. S.; Patel T. P. Indian J. Pharmacol. 2011, 43, 568-573.
http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0253-7613.84974
PMid:22022002 PMCid:3195129

[84]. Ponnusamy, M.; Pari, L. Toxicol. Ind. Health 2011, 27, 407-416.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0748233710387633
PMid:21245201

[85]. Ardais, A. P.; Santos, F. W.; Nogueira, C. W. J. Appl. Toxicol. 2008, 28, 322-328.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jat.1282
PMid:17624921

[86]. Sadik, N. A. J. Biochem. Mol. Toxicol. 2008, 22, 345-353.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbt.20247
PMid:18972399

[87]. Ola-Mudathir, K. F.; Suru, S. M.; Fafunso, M. A.; Obioha, U. E.; Faremi, T. Y. Food Chem. Toxicol. 2008, 46, 3604-3611.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2008.09.004
PMid:18824205

[88]. Leite, R. P.; Wada, R. S.; Monteiro, J. C.; Predes, F. S.; Dolder, H. Biol. Trace Elem. Res. 2011, 141, 262-274.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12011-010-8729-7
PMid:20495888

[89]. Bu, T.; Mi, Y.; Zeng, W.; Zhang, C. Anat. Rec. (Hoboken). 2011, 294, 520-526.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.21317
PMid:21337715

[90]. Onwuka, F. C.; Erhabor, O.; Eteng, M. U.; Umoh, I. B. J. Med. Food 2011, 14, 817-821.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/jmf.2010.0106
PMid:21476888

[91]. Kojima, S.; Sugimura, Y.; Hirukawa, H.; Kiyozumi, M.; Shimada, H.; Funakoshi, T. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 1992, 116, 24-29.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0041-008X(92)90140-N

[92]. Kojima, S.; Sugimura, Y.; Ono, H.; Shimada, H.; Funakoshi, T. Biol Pharm Bull. 1993, 16, 244-247.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/bpb.16.244
PMid:8395932

[93]. Ono, H.; Funakoshi, T.; Shimada, H.; Kojima, S. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health 1997, 50, 389-399.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/009841097160429

[94]. Santos, F. W.; Oro, T.; Zeni, G.; Rocha, J. B.; do Nascimento, P. C.; Nogueira, C. W. Toxicol. Lett. 2004, 152, 255-263.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2004.05.009
PMid:15331134

[95]. Santos, F. W.; Graça, D. L.; Zeni, G.; Rocha, J. B.; Weis, S. N.; Favero, A. M.; Nogueira, C. W. Reprod Toxicol. 2006, 22, 546-550.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.reprotox.2005.12.009
PMid:16472969

[96]. Santos, F. W.; Zeni, G.; Rocha, J. B., do Nascimento, P. C.; Marques, M. S.; Nogueira, C. W. Food Chem. Toxicol. 2005, 43, 1723-1730.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2005.05.015
PMid:16000234

[97]. Pavlova, E.; Ivanova J.; Dimova, D.; Gluhcheva, Y.; Atanasova, N. Eur. Chem. Bull. 2012, 1, 463-465.

[98]. Xu, C.; Holscher, M. A.; Jones, M. M.; Singh, P. K. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health. 1995, 45, 261-277.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15287399509531995
PMid:7609002

[99]. Xu, C.; Johnson, J. E.; Singh, P. K.; Jones, M. M.; Yan, H.;, Carter, C. E. Toxicol. 1996, 107, 1-8.

[100]. Mollaoglu, H.; Gokcimen, A.; Ozguner, F.; Oktem, F.; Koyu, A.; Kocak, A.; Demirin, H.; Gokalp, O.; Cicek, E. Toxicol. 2006, 227, 15-20.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tox.2006.06.020
PMid:16938374

[101]. Ognjanovic, B. I.; Markovic, S. D.; Pavlovic, S. Z.; Zikic, R. V.; Stajn, A. S.; Saicic, Z. S. Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 2006, 22, 219-224.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.etap.2006.03.008
PMid:21783713

[102]. Mukherjee, R.; Banerjee, S.; Joshi, N.; Singh, P. K.; Baxi, D, Ramachandran, A. V. Cardiovasc. Toxicol. 2011, 11, 78-88.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12012-010-9092-9
PMid:21046280

[103]. Manna, P.; Sinha, M.; Sil, P. C. Chem Biol Interact. 2008, 174, 88-97.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cbi.2008.05.005
PMid:18561905

[104]. Sompamit, K.; Kukongviriyapan, U.; Donpunha, W.; Nakmareong, S.; Kukongviriyapan, V. Toxicol. Lett. 2010, 198, 77-82.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2010.04.007
PMid:20399841

[105]. Hrdina, R.; Gersl, V.; Vavrova, J.; Holeckova, M.; Palicka, V.; Voglova, J.; Mazurova, Y.; Bajgar, J. Hum. Exp. Toxicol. 1998, 17, 221-224.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/096032798678908611
PMid:9617634

Supporting Agencies

Most read articles by the same author(s)
TrendMD

Dimensions - Altmetric - scite_ - PlumX

Downloads and views

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...
License Terms

License Terms

by-nc

Copyright © 2025 by Authors. This work is published and licensed by Atlanta Publishing House LLC, Atlanta, GA, USA. The full terms of this license are available at https://www.eurjchem.com/index.php/eurjchem/terms and incorporate the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial (CC BY NC) (International, v4.0) License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0). By accessing the work, you hereby accept the Terms. This is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the CC BY NC License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited without any further permission from Atlanta Publishing House LLC (European Journal of Chemistry). No use, distribution, or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. Permissions for commercial use of this work beyond the scope of the License (https://www.eurjchem.com/index.php/eurjchem/terms) are administered by Atlanta Publishing House LLC (European Journal of Chemistry).