

Electronic structure and dosage correlation of 1,4-benzodiazepines
Raghdaa Adel Massoud (1)


(1) Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, 21525 Alexandria, Egypt
(2) Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, 21525 Alexandria, Egypt
(*) Corresponding Author
Received: 01 Feb 2019 | Revised: 19 Mar 2019 | Accepted: 23 Mar 2019 | Published: 30 Jun 2019 | Issue Date: June 2019
Abstract
Density functional theory was used to calculate the electronic structure of 20 selected 1,4-benzodiazepine derivatives. Certain parameters were extracted from the theoretical calculations, including the proton affinity of N1, the total energy, HOMO and LUMO energies, the total positive atomic charge, dipole moment and molecular volume. These parameters were used for the correlation with the minimum effective dose acting on human. The correlation was performed by applying linear least square method. Seven parameters were found to afford good fit. Clorazepate, one of the benzodiazepines, was studied extensively, it contains a carboxylate group, which can act as an ordinary molecule or zwitterions, where the ionisable proton migrates to N1. The energy gap between the two forms was found to be strongly dependent on the solvent dielectric constant.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDF

DOI: 10.5155/eurjchem.10.2.108-112.1831
Links for Article
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | |
Related Articles
Article Metrics


Funding information
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Egypt
References
[1]. US Drug Enforcement Administration. (2003). https://www.dea.gov/factsheets/benzodiazepines [Accessed Date: March 19, 2019].
[2]. Bertilsson, L. Acta Psychiatr. Scand. Suppl. 1978, 274, 19-26.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.1978.tb02383.x
[3]. http://www.psyweb.com/drughtm/jsp/librium.html [Accessed Date: March 19, 2019].
[4]. Carlo, P.; Finallo, R.; Ledda, A.; Brambilla, G. Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. 1989, 12, 34-41.
https://doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/12.1.34
[5]. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benzodiazepine/ [Accessed Date: March 19, 2019].
[6]. https://drugs-forum.com/wiki/Drugs_Wiki_main_page [Accessed Date: March 19, 2019].
[7]. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_benzodiazepines/ [Accessed Date: March 19, 2019].
[8]. https://globalrph.com/medcalcs/benzodiazepine-converter-dosage-conversions/ [Accessed Date: March 19, 2019].
[9]. Parr, G. R.; Yang, W., Density Functional Theory of Atoms and Molecules, Oxford University Press, 1994.
[10]. Becke, A. D. Phys. Rev. A 1988, 38, 3098-3100.
https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.38.3098
[11]. Perdew, J. P. Phys. Rev. B 1986, 33, 8822-8824.
https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.33.8822
[12]. Dunning, H. T. J. J. Chem. Phys. 1989, 90, 1007-1023.
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.456153
[13]. Neese, F. Comput. Mol. Sci. 2012, 2, 73-78.
https://doi.org/10.1002/wcms.81
[14]. Valiev, M.; Bylaska, E. J.; Govind, N.; Kowalski, K.; Straatsma, T. P.; Van Dam, H. J. J. Comput. Phys. Commun. 2019, 181, 1477-1489.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpc.2010.04.018
[15]. McGrath, C.; Burrows, G. D.; Norman, T. R. The benzodiazepines: A brief review of pharmacology and therapeutics, Birkhauser Verlag, Switzerland, 2000.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-8470-9_1
[16]. Gaussian 03. Frisch, M. J.; Trucks, G. W.; Schlegel, H. B.; Scuseria, G. E.; Robb, M. A.; Cheeseman, J. R.; Montgomery, J. A. Jr.; Vreven, T.; Kudin, K. N.; Burant, J. C.; Millam, J. M.; Iyengar, S. S.; Tomasi, J.; Barone, V.; Mennucci, B.; Cossi, M.; Scalmani, G.; Rega, N.;. Petersson, G. A.; Nakatsuji, H.; Hada, M.; Ehara, M.; Toyota, K.; Fukuda, R.; Hasegawa, J.; Ishida, M.; Nakajima, T.; Honda, Y.; Kitao, O.; Nakai, H.; Klene, M.; Li, X.; Knox, J. E.; Hratchian, H. P.; Cross, J. B.; Adamo, C.; Jaramillo, J.; Gomperts, R.; Stratmann, R. E.; Yazyev, O.; Austin, A. J.; Cammi, R.; Pomelli, C.; Ochterski, J. W.; Ayala, P. Y.; Morokuma, K.; Voth, G. A.; Salvador, P.; Dannenberg, J. J.; Zakrzewski, V. G.; Dapprich, S.; Daniels, A. D.; Strain, M. C.; Farkas, O.; Malick, D. K.; Rabuck, A. D.; Raghavachari, K.; Foresman, J. B.; Ortiz, J. V.; Cui, Q.; Baboul, A. G.; Clifford, S.; Cioslowski, J.; Stefanov, B. B.; Liu, G.; Liashenko, A.; Piskorz, P.; Komaromi, I.; Martin, R. L.; Fox, D. J.; Keith, T.; Al-Laham, M. A.; Peng, C. Y.; Nanayakkara, A.; Challacombe, M.; Gill, P. M. W.; Johnson, B.; Chen, W.; Wong, M. W.; Gonzalez, C.; Pople, J. A. Gaussian, Inc., Pittsburgh PA, 2003.
How to cite
The other citation formats (EndNote | Reference Manager | ProCite | BibTeX | RefWorks) for this article can be found online at: How to cite item
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.5155/eurjchem.10.2.108-112.1831

















European Journal of Chemistry 2019, 10(2), 108-112 | doi: https://doi.org/10.5155/eurjchem.10.2.108-112.1831 | Get rights and content
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2019 Authors

This work is published and licensed by Atlanta Publishing House LLC, Atlanta, GA, USA. The full terms of this license are available at http://www.eurjchem.com/index.php/eurjchem/pages/view/terms and incorporate the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial (CC BY NC) (International, v4.0) License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0). By accessing the work, you hereby accept the Terms. This is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the CC BY NC License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited without any further permission from Atlanta Publishing House LLC (European Journal of Chemistry). No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. Permissions for commercial use of this work beyond the scope of the License (http://www.eurjchem.com/index.php/eurjchem/pages/view/terms) are administered by Atlanta Publishing House LLC (European Journal of Chemistry).
© Copyright 2010 - 2023 • Atlanta Publishing House LLC • All Right Reserved.
The opinions expressed in all articles published in European Journal of Chemistry are those of the specific author(s), and do not necessarily reflect the views of Atlanta Publishing House LLC, or European Journal of Chemistry, or any of its employees.
Copyright 2010-2023 Atlanta Publishing House LLC. All rights reserved. This site is owned and operated by Atlanta Publishing House LLC whose registered office is 2850 Smith Ridge Trce Peachtree Cor GA 30071-2636, USA. Registered in USA.